Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States. In 2023, the American Cancer Society estimated that over 150,000 new cases would be diagnosed, and more than 50,000 people would die from the disease. Early detection through regular screening is the most effective way to reduce the mortality rate associated with colon cancer. This blog will discuss the importance of early screening, particularly for residents of Houston, where lifestyle factors may increase the risk of developing this serious disease.
Understanding Colon Cancer
Colon cancer begins in the large intestine (colon) or the rectum and usually starts as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called polyps. Over time, some of these polyps can become cancerous. Early-stage colon cancer may not produce symptoms, making regular screening critical for early detection and successful treatment.
Risk Factors for Colon Cancer
Several factors can increase the risk of developing colon cancer, some of which are particularly relevant to the Houston population:
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Age: The risk of colon cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in people aged 50 and older. However, recent studies have shown a rise in cases among younger adults, leading to updated screening guidelines.
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Diet: A diet high in red meat, processed meats, and low in fiber can increase the risk of colon cancer. Houston’s diverse food culture, which includes barbecues, fast food, and Tex-Mex cuisine, can contribute to this risk if not balanced with healthier options.
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Obesity: Obesity is a significant risk factor for colon cancer. Houston’s high obesity rate means that many residents are at increased risk. Obesity also increases the likelihood of cancer recurrence in survivors.
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Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity is linked to an increased risk of colon cancer. In Houston, where the hot climate can deter outdoor exercise, maintaining an active lifestyle can be challenging but is essential for reducing cancer risk.
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Family History: A family history of colon cancer or polyps increases the risk of developing the disease. Genetic factors, such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), can also significantly raise the risk.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis increase the risk of colon cancer due to chronic inflammation of the colon.
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Smoking and Alcohol Use: Both smoking and heavy alcohol use are associated with an increased risk of colon cancer. Houston’s vibrant social scene can sometimes lead to lifestyle habits that increase this risk.
Why Early Detection Matters?
Early detection of colon cancer through screening is crucial for several reasons:
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Detection of Precancerous Polyps: Screening can identify polyps before they become cancerous. Removing these polyps during a colonoscopy can prevent colon cancer from developing.
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Better Treatment Outcomes: When colon cancer is detected at an early stage, it is more likely to be treatable and curable. The five-year survival rate for localized colon cancer is about 90%, compared to only 14% for cancers detected at an advanced stage.
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Lower Healthcare Costs: Early detection and treatment are often less costly than treating advanced cancer, which can require more extensive surgery, chemotherapy, and long-term care.
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Peace of Mind: Regular screening can provide reassurance, allowing you to focus on your health and well-being without the constant worry of undetected cancer.
Recommended Screening Guidelines
The American Cancer Society recommends that people at average risk of colon cancer begin regular screening at age 45. However, those with a higher risk, such as individuals with a family history of colon cancer or genetic predispositions, may need to start earlier.
There are several types of screening tests available:
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Colonoscopy: This is the most comprehensive screening test, allowing doctors to view the entire colon and remove polyps during the procedure. A colonoscopy is recommended every 10 years for individuals at average risk.
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Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT): This test checks for hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of cancer. It’s recommended annually.
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Stool DNA Test (Cologuard): This test detects altered DNA and blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer or polyps. It’s recommended every three years.
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CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy): This test uses CT scans to create images of the colon and rectum. It’s recommended every five years.
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Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: This test examines the lower part of the colon and rectum and is recommended every five years, or every 10 years when combined with annual FIT.
Colon Cancer Screening
Access to quality healthcare and screening at Digestive and Liver Disease Consultants, P.A., where experienced gastroenterologists provide comprehensive colon cancer screening and care.
Local initiatives and health programs often promote colon cancer awareness and screening, particularly during National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month in March. These programs aim to educate the public about the importance of early detection and provide resources for those who need it.
Overcoming Barriers to Screening
Despite the clear benefits of colon cancer screening, many people delay or avoid it due to fear, lack of awareness, or concerns about the procedure. In Houston, where healthcare access can vary, it's essential to address these barriers:
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Education: Understanding the importance of screening and how it can save lives is the first step. Educational campaigns can help dispel myths and encourage people to get screened.
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Accessibility: Ensuring that screening services are accessible to all Houstonians, regardless of income or insurance status, is crucial. Many local clinics offer affordable screening options or participate in programs that provide free or low-cost colonoscopies.
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Comfort and Convenience: Modern advances in colonoscopy preparation and sedation techniques have made the procedure more comfortable and less daunting. Discussing these options with a healthcare provider can help ease concerns.
Conclusion
Colon cancer screening is a vital tool in the fight against cancer, especially for Houstonians who may be at increased risk due to lifestyle factors. Early detection through regular screening not only saves lives but also improves the quality of life by preventing the development of advanced cancer. If you are 45 or older, or if you have risk factors that may increase your chances of developing colon cancer, it’s time to talk to your healthcare provider about getting screened.
At Digestive and Liver Disease Consultants, P.A., we are committed to providing the highest quality care and ensuring that every patient has access to life-saving screenings. Don’t wait—schedule your colon cancer screening today and take a proactive step toward protecting your health.
