Measles, a highly contagious viral infection, is coming back in many parts of the world. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, cases of measles are on the rise due to declining vaccination rates, international travel, and misinformation about immunization. The disease, which was once nearly eradicated in the U.S., can cause serious complications, especially in children, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems.
Understanding the risks of measles and taking steps to protect yourself and your family is more important than ever. In this blog, we’ll discuss what measles is, how it spreads, its symptoms, complications, and—most importantly—how you can prevent it. We’ll also address the potential impact of measles on digestive health and how Digestive & Liver Disease Consultants, P.A. can support patients who experience complications from the disease.
What Is Measles?
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the Measles morbillivirus. It primarily affects the respiratory system but can also have severe effects on other parts of the body. Measles spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can linger in the air for up to two hours, making it one of the most easily transmitted diseases.
While measles is often considered a childhood disease, unvaccinated adults are also at risk. The disease can lead to severe complications, including pneumonia, brain swelling (encephalitis), and long-term immune system damage.
How Does Measles Spread?
Measles is incredibly contagious. In fact, 90% of unvaccinated people who are exposed to an infected person will contract the virus. Here’s how it spreads:
Through coughing and sneezing – The virus is present in saliva and mucus, which become airborne when an infected person sneezes or coughs.
Touching contaminated surfaces – The virus can survive on surfaces for hours, and touching your mouth, nose, or eyes after touching a contaminated surface can lead to infection.
Close contact with an infected person – Measles can spread before symptoms even appear, making it difficult to contain outbreaks.
Measles Symptoms: What to Watch For
Symptoms of measles typically appear 10-14 days after exposure. The early symptoms resemble a common cold but quickly become more severe.
Early Symptoms (First 2-4 Days):
- High fever (often above 101°F)
- Runny nose
- Cough
- Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)
- Fatigue and loss of appetite
Later Symptoms (After 3-5 Days):
- Koplik’s spots – Small white spots inside the mouth, a telltale sign of measles
- Measles rash – Red, blotchy rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body
- High fever spikes
The rash typically lasts about a week before fading, but complications can develop, especially in vulnerable individuals.
Potential Complications of Measles
While most people recover from measles, one in five infected people will experience serious complications. These complications are more common in:
- Young children (under 5 years old)
- Pregnant women
- People with weakened immune systems (due to conditions like cancer, HIV, or immunosuppressive medications)
Common Complications:
- Ear infections – Can lead to hearing loss in children
- Diarrhea and dehydration – A major risk for young children
- Pneumonia – The most common cause of measles-related deaths
- Encephalitis (brain swelling) – Can cause seizures, brain damage, or long-term neurological issues
Measles and Digestive Health
Measles can also impact the digestive system. Many patients experience severe diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and malnutrition. The virus may also affect liver function, making recovery more difficult for those with existing liver disease. If you or a loved one have a pre-existing digestive or liver condition, it’s crucial to seek medical care immediately if you suspect measles exposure.
At Digestive & Liver Disease Consultants, P.A., we specialize in diagnosing and managing digestive complications that can arise from infections like measles. Our team is here to support patients through expert care and treatment.
How to Protect Yourself and Your Family
The best way to prevent measles is through vaccination. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is safe, effective, and provides lifelong immunity for most people.
Steps to Stay Protected:
Get vaccinated – The MMR vaccine is given in two doses:
- First dose: 12-15 months old
- Second dose: 4-6 years old
- Adults who missed their childhood vaccines should get at least one dose.
Check your immunity – If you’re unsure about your vaccination status, ask your doctor for a blood test to check for immunity.
Practice good hygiene – Wash hands frequently, cover coughs and sneezes, and avoid close contact with sick individuals.
Be cautious when travelling – Measles outbreaks are common in some regions. Check travel health advisories before going abroad.
Isolate if exposed – If you or your child develop symptoms, stay home and contact a doctor immediately to prevent spreading the virus.
When to See a Doctor
If you or your child experience symptoms of measles—especially high fever, rash, difficulty breathing, or dehydration—seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent severe complications.
Conclusion
Measles is a serious and preventable disease. With outbreaks on the rise, it’s essential to stay informed, get vaccinated, and take precautions to protect yourself and your loved ones. By recognizing the symptoms early and seeking timely medical care, you can reduce the risk of severe complications.
Stay safe, stay informed, and make sure you and your family are protected against measles!
